March 3, 2025
Mouth ulcers or dental ulcers are small, painful sores that can appear on the inside of your mouth. They can make everyday activities like eating, drinking, and even talking uncomfortable.
And you’d be surprised to know how many different types of mouth ulcers exist!
While most are non-contagious and heal on their own, some can be highly contagious or even linked to underlying health issues. Identifying the type of ulcer you have is crucial for finding the right treatment and preventing further discomfort.
So, if you’ve ever wondered what’s causing that stubborn huge mouth ulcer, read on to get all the answers.
Common Types of Mouth Ulcers
There are various mouth ulcer types that vary on the basis of their causes and intensity. Here are two of the most common types:
Canker Sores (Aphthous Ulcers)
Aphthous mouth ulcers are one of the most common types of ulcers that are non-contagious and usually appear on inside the of cheeks and on lips, tongue, or gums. These ulcers can be triggered by stress, hormonal changes, vitamin deficiencies, or certain foods as well.
These regular mouth ulcers are small, round, and have a white or yellow center with a red border. They can heal in one or two weeks. However, there are some major aphthous ulcers too that can last for several weeks and can create significant discomfort for you.
Traumatic Ulcers
Traumatic ulcers are painful sores in the mouth caused by physical injury or irritation. They can develop from accidentally biting your cheek, brushing too hard, or irritation from braces, dental crowns, or sharp teeth. Even hot foods or drinks can burn the delicate tissue inside your mouth, leading to these ulcers.
Unlike recurrent mouth ulcers that continue or keep returning, traumatic ulcers usually heal on their own once the cause is removed. However, to speed up the recovery you can apply Iglu mouth ulcer gel.
Less Common Types of Mouth Ulcers
While most people experience minor canker sores, some less common types of mouth ulcers can be more severe or long-lasting. Here are some less common mouth ulcer types that occur due to infections, immune disorders, or chronic conditions:
Herpetiform Ulcers
The herpetiform ulcer is a type of canker sore consisting of multiple small sores that can merge to form a larger, painful ulcer. These are different from the herpes mouth ulcers caused by the herpes virus. And these can last for several weeks, which often causes difficulty while you eat or drink.
Viral mouth ulcers can sometimes be mistaken for herpetiform ulcers, as both appear as painful sores in the mouth. A skilled dentist can help you differentiate between the two and recommend appropriate treatment for them.
Oral Thrush (Candidiasis)
Oral thrush, also known as oral candidiasis, is a fungal infection in the mouth that occurs due to an overgrowth of Candida albicans fungus. It appears as creamy white patches, which reveal inflamed red tissue underneath by scraping.
Oral thrush is prone to those with weak immune systems, diabetes, or who take antibiotics. It can feel like a mouth full of ulcers, which makes your eating and swallowing process uncomfortable. In such cases, antifungal medication is required for treatment.
Cold Sores (Herpes Simplex Virus Ulcers)
Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus and thus are also called herpes mouth ulcers. These ulcers appear as fluid-filled blisters around your lips and inside the mouth. They are highly contagious and are often followed by a swollen cold sore sensation.
While cold sores usually heal on their own within 7 to 10 days, antiviral creams and medications can help reduce symptoms and speed up healing. In rare cases, if the infection spreads inside the mouth, it may cause gum irritation or secondary infections, but it does not typically lead to the need for Root Canal Treatment.
Leukoplakia
Leukoplakia is a condition where thick, white, or gray patches form inside your mouth. They can usually be seen on the tongue or the floor of the mouth. These patches do not scrape off and develop due to constant irritation from things like smoking, chewing tobacco, drinking alcohol, or rough dentures.
Most of the time, leukoplakia is harmless but in some cases it can turn precancerous, meaning it might lead to oral cancer over time. If you notice white patches that don’t heal it’s best to see a dentist.
Oral Lichen Planus
Oral lichen planus is a long-term inflammatory condition that affects the inside of the mouth. It causes white, lacy patches and mouth roof ulcers or painful sores. It can sometimes lead to burning sensations or sensitivity to spicy foods.
The exact cause is not clear, but it is believed to be related to the immune system mistakenly attacking the cells in the mouth. Oral lichen planus isn’t contagious. However, these are chronic mouth ulcers that may come and go.
When to See a Dentist?
Mostly, mouth ulcers heal within 1-2 weeks, but certain symptoms of mouth ulcers require you to seek immediate professional attention. This includes repeated mouth ulcers that keep coming back, an infected mouth ulcer that gets worse, bleeds, or produces pus, and constant mouth ulcers lasting longer than 3 weeks. Additionally you should also look out for unexpected weight loss and swollen lymph nodes.
If you are experiencing persistent mouth ulcers, visit Complete Smiles for the best dental treatment. They have a highly specialised and friendly team. They even provide a free consultation for select treatments. So book a consultation today.
Dr. Malavi Sivakanesan (292322)
Dr. Malavi Sivakanesan is the principal dentist and co-founder at Complete Smiles in Harrow, Greater London. She is responsible for establishing the Complete Smiles brand throughout the United Kingdom and Europe and has 5 successful practices under her strong leadership.